So in short, new Chromium Edge is Microsoft’s new browser (successor to Edge), based on Chromium. Other relatively well-known Chromium-based internet browsers include Opera, Brave, Amazon Silk and Samsung’s Android browser. What that means is that anyone - including Microsoft - can use the code and develop their own internet browser based upon it.
To further explain that, Chromium is Google’s free and open source software project on which Google Chrome is built. Named like that because it is based on Chromium. Microsoft’s reaction to this was the release of the successor to Microsoft Edge, which is Chromium Edge. 'Old' Edge (left) vs new Chromium Edge (right)